Koenen Apparatus Description
Test Purpose
The purpose of the Koenen test is to determine the effect of heating a substance under defined confinement.
Test Variations
The Koenen Test is used in both Test 1 (b) and Test 2 (b). In UN Test 1 (b) a 1 mm orifice plate is used. In UN Test 2 (b) there is a 2mm orifice plate.
Key Parameters
| Key Parameter | Objectives | Origin | Specs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Confining medium (steel tube) | Vessel that can be used as evidence of sample reactivity should the venting capacity of the orifice be exceeded (excessive gas generation rate, orifice plugging, etc.) | Deep drawn from DC04, A620, or SPCEN sheet steel; 26.5 ± 1.5 grams mass, 75 °C 0.5mm length, 0.5 ± 0.05mm wall, and 30 ± 3 MPa quasi-static bursting pressure | |
| Orifice diameter | Provide varying degrees of venting capacity | 1mm orifice | |
| Heating rate | Provide a standard heating rate | 3.3 ± 0.3°K/sec for 27mL of dibutyl phthalate | |
| Maximum heating time | Sufficient time to react the material | 5 minutes |
Indicators
| Indicators | Detection Method | Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| Damage to the steel tube and/or closing device | Visual post-test examination of the tube and/or tube fragments | Limiting diameter (LD) is the orifice at which an explosion (three or more tube fragments) is obtained. Violent effect if LD is 2 mm or greater: Class 1 |
Setup Example
No Explosion (-) Example Photo
Explosion (+) Example Photo
