Exudate Example
Test Purpose
This test is used to determine the reaction of articles when subjected to a mildly elevated temperature (75°C) for a specific period of time (48 hours). At the completion of the test, the article is examined for evidence of reaction. Any evidence of explosion, fire, damaged outer casing, dangerous exudation of explosive visible outside the casing, or a temperature rise greater than 3C above the oven temperature is criteria for a positive result (i.e. fails the test).
If an unfinished article fails this test, further testing is not required. The classification of that article is a 1.1, mass reaction hazard.
Equivalence
This test is similar to Test 4 (a) in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.
Key Parameters
| Key Parameter | Objectives | Origin | Specs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Test temperature and time of exposure to that temperature | Determine the stability of an article using exposure time and temperatures that represents worst-case in-process conditions and/or provides accelerated aging | A possible origin may be the accelerated aging principles set forth in STANAG 4147 Test 1, Vacuum Thermal Stability; specifically, reduction in the test temperature by 10°C increases the effective time by a factor of 2.5. In other words, results obtained in 48 hours at 75°C should be representative of those obtained in 120 hours at 65°C. | 75°C for 48 hours |
| Test oven | Ensure adequate temperature control and protection against thermal runaway | Ventilated, explosion-proof electrical, thermostatic control to maintain and record the temperature at 75 ± 2°C, protection against thermal run-away if the thermostat malfunctions (independent thermal cutoff) | |
| Self-heating temperature change | Parameter for characterizing the thermal stability of an article | 3°C or greater |
Indicators
| Indicators | Detection Method | Assessment* |
|---|---|---|
| Ignition or explosion | Visual post-test inspection | Damage to oven, flame traces, etc. |
| Ignition or explosion | Visual post-test inspection | Damage to sample holder, flame traces, consumption of sample, etc. Mass explosion hazard [IP Division 1.1] |
| Article temperature | Thermocouple log | Difference between oven and article of 3°C or greater is evidence of self-heating. [IP Division 1.1] |
| Article casing or outer package damage | Visual post-test inspection | Damage to unpackaged article or outer package. [IP Division 1.1] |
| Dangerous [subjective] exudation of explosive substance | Visual post-test inspection | Explosive visible outside the article. [IP Division 1.1] |
*OR relationship
No-Go Example Plot
